American System

U.S. Pursues Alexander Hamilton To Achieve Economic Hegemony vs China: Can It Succeed?

Lawrence , , , , , , , , ,

September 25, 2026,

It is beyond doubt that the world is facing an existential crisis, which in large part is driven by the collapse of the United States; politically, economically, and culturally. The United States as the world’s hegemon is no more. This is not necessarily fatal for humanity, if we use this opportunity to create a new set of political economic relations throughout the world. In brief; We need a new paradigm. The current global system, which has been controlled in large measures over the last four-score years, by the fatal diseased ideology of a zero-sum thinking by the West, must be transcended.

Given that the collapse of the United States is empirically obvious, elements of the U.S. Establishment have begun to desperately look for other methods in an attempt to maintain the United States as the world’s superpower. This is the only way to comprehend the recently published article, How to Reindustrialize America: The Case for a Strategic Investment Fund, by Jake Sullivan, in the July 29, 2026, issue of Foreign Affairs. To understand the significance of Sullivan’s  commentary, it is important to know that he served as the National Security advisor to President Joe Biden from 2021 to 2025, occupying a top policy post in the government. Foreign Affairs magazine is published by the Council of Foreign Relations, the premier think tank in the United States, representing the Anglo-American establishment, which is influential in all the affairs of government regardless of party. (1)

China “The Enemy” As The Motivator

Sullivan’s article is an attempt to persuade the American Establishment  that the United States must reindustrialize to combat China, prevent it from surpassing the United States to become the new hegemon. Regrettably, America is responsible for outsourcing our industrial economy, not China. It has brought this calamity upon itself through wrongheaded policies. Sullivan, along with all elected and appointed government officials in Washington DC, blame China for using its expanding manufacturing capacity for the reduction of our country’s manufacturing sector. This is completely false. America did this to itself when the same Foreign Affairs recommended in the 1980s that the United States become a “postindustrial society,” a service economy and financial capital of the world, which would  not require industry. As a result, we have experienced the reduction of over five million manufacturing jobs in this century, which has not abated under President Trump. Read: Xinhua Publishes Freeman’s Critique of the Post World War II “Rules Based Order”

Jake Sullivan (courtesy of South China Morning Post)

From the opening paragraphs, Sullivan makes clear that is purpose for reindustrializing the United States is not for the betterment of American citizens, but to prevent China from becoming the premier global power.

Sullivan writes in his second paragraph:

The result [of China’s policy] is a market systematically tilted by state intervention… China’s strategy has created a technology ecosystem that now rivals–and in some areas surpasses–that of the United States…For China, industrial capacity has become a tool of coercion as well as competitiveness…  

At the same time China was building its industrial strength, the United States was allowing much of its productive base to migrate abroad. For a few decades, that shift appeared to carry few strategic costs. America remained the world’s leading center of research and intervention even as manufacturing employment fell and supply chains stretched across. But the cost of separating innovation from production are now too great to ignore. As factories have moved offshore, the United States has lost much of its skilled workforce and the expertise to build at speed and scale. If it does not change course, the country could cede its technological edge, and, in time, its broader global leadership, to China. (emphasis added)

GDP Share Trend: Dropped steadily from ~15-16% in the late 1990s/2000 down to 9.4 to 9.5 of total U.S. GDP by the end of 2025

He continues in his essay:  

The course of American manufacturing illustrates its dynamic. Once production ecosystems fragment, they’re exceedingly hard to rebuild. U.S. shipbuilding, for example, collapsed after the 1980s, when the government subsidies were withdrawn erasing supplier depth and design expertise. From the 1980s onward, the offshoring of U.S. transformer or machine tool manufacturing reduced procurement costs for downstream firms in the short term but wiped out the domestic base of engineers and component makers.

These were the effects caused by the fraud of globalization that went hand in hand with the Establishment’s dictated, post-industrial society, which accelerated the decline of America’s vital productive industries.

According to the rules based order, with their zero sum mindset, which contaminates Sullivan’s outlook, the United States must reindustrialize, not for the good of our country, but to stop China. This, glaring ideological defect, will lead to greater conflict throughout the world, if it is not superseded with a superior worldview. In other words, we need to establish a new set of beliefs, values, and policies, which coheres with the need to develop our nation and the rest of the world in accordance.

U.S. manufacturing contributed approximately $2.89 trillion, or roughly 9.4 t0 9.5%, of total U.S. GDP by the end of 2025. [1, 2, 📉 Key Trends

Enter Alexander Hamilton

The scientific economic principles of Alexander Hamilton, which became the foundation for the school of economic thought known as the American System of Political Economy, will always work if they are properly comprehended and correctly applied. This has been the case throughout the history of the United States and the world when leaders adhered to Hamilton’s economic philosophy. (2)

Briefly, the American System rejects the Adam Smith free trade- let the marketplace decide- notion of economics and instead insists that  the state acting for the public good, participates in fostering economic growth. The elementary tenets of Hamilton’s system that saved our debt ridden, agrarian based, young republic and created a once mighty industrial powerhouse, are:

1) The use of national banking in all of its forms following Article 10, section 8 of the Constitution.

2) The emission of productive credit as a tool for growing the economy.

3) The use of protective tariffs and bounties (subsidies) where needed to grow desired high technological manufacturing/scientific sectors.

4) the harmonization of public and private capital for the accomplishment of national works.

5) Large scale, long term infrastructure projects which uplift the standards of living of all people, increase society’s productive powers of labor, and enhance the cognitive powers of the population. (3)

Hamilton’s brilliant report on the need for the U.S. to develop manufacturing.

Sullivan Turns To Hamilton

Realizing that the United States has fallen significantly behind China in basic manufacturing and industrial production, Sullivan recognizes the need to reach for the sound economic policies of Alexander Hamilton, as he interprets them. He writes accurately:

Whenever the United States has faced existential tests, its leaders have turned to Hamilton’s logic.

Since its founding, the United States has treated finance as an instrument of sovereignty. In his nineteen 1791 Report on Manufacturers to the Congress, Hamilton made the case that economic independence was inseparable from the political independence. The young republic, he argued, had to use public credit to nurture productive industry and national strength. Hamilton envisioned a pragmatic model of state-enabled  capitalism, in which loans “bounties” encouraged “infant manufacturers,” tariffs protected their strategic sectors, and public institutions channeled capital towards long-term national aims. Whenever the United States has faced existential tests, its leaders have returned to Hamiltonian logic. (emphasis added) Read: Nations Must Study Alexander Hamilton’s Principles of Political Economy

President Franklin Roosevelt initiates programs to rebuild America’s economy

Sullivan correctly identifies President Franklin Roosevelt’s Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), as a Hamiltonian credit facility to counter the economic hardships of the Great Depression during  the 1930s. The RFC also successfully built America’s military capability-the arsenal of democracy- that defeated the German Third Reich and Japan’s imperial army in World War II.

Sullivan writes:

When credit markets froze during the Great Depression and World War II, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) created 1932, filled the gap and served as a strategic investor, financing banks, utilities, housing, and manufacturing, earning returns and restoring confidence in U.S. markets.

A Hamiltonian Proposal?

The RFC model used responsible public investment…showed that effectively deployed public capital can be used to invest in important industries private capital either unwilling or unable to finance by itself. (emphasis added)

Similar to President Roosevelt’s RFC, Sullivan proposes the creation a $50 billion U.S. Strategic Investment Fund (SIF) to attract private sector financing in an attempt to reverse the declining industrial base of the United States. He explains:

Throughout its history, the United States built institutions that channeled capital toward a national strategy. Resurrecting that tradition today would mean establishing a new kind of public investor: a U.S. strategic investment fund (SIF), a federally chartered market-facing public investor with its own balance sheet, designed to invest alongside private capital in strategically critical industries, both mature and emerging, where markets alone have proven insufficient…For more than two centuries, the United States has shaped its financial institutions to meet the strategic demands of the era. Hamilton’s treasury built national credit in the young republic. The RFC built industrial scale during the nation’s economic nadir… Each moment required the same act of imagination: treating capital as a tool of national purpose and industrial power.

Three great American Presidents who applied Hamilton’s economic principles to industrialize the United States

Aspirations For Hamilton Today

Alexander Hamilton, our nation’s first Treasury Secretary, was a crucial contributor to the creation of the United States. The application of his scientific economic principles resulted in the industrial expansion of America. Hamilton’s four economic reports, written from 1789 to 1791, adopted by President George Washington, formed the true economic foundation of the United States, not Adam Smith. (4)  His utilization of public productive credit and directed government issued capital were essential mechanisms to create America’s prosperous economy from a confederation of thirteen bankrupt colonies. Hamilton adopted the approach of dirigisme,* rejecting so called laissez-faire capitalism. Throughout American and European history, nations have turned to Hamilton’s economic policies in times of crisis, when their countries needed industrial expansion or revitalization. There is clear identifiable evidence that China’s rapid economic growth over a relatively brief period of time, used similar economic modalities as those of Alexander Hamilton. China typifies a dirigistic approach to national economy. Read: U.S. Establishment Admits Truth Of China’s Economic Superiority, But They Don’t Understand It

This essay by Jake Sullivan, following several articles in recent issues of  Foreign Affairs, that reporton the United States falling behind China in industrial output, indicate awareness by some elements in the U.S. Establishment, that the United States is in serious decline, and are looking for a means to reverse it. Within the last hundred years, we have the examples of Presidents Franklim Roosevelt and John Kennedy, applying Hamiltonian policies to achieve their goals for our nation.

Economic development requires at a minimum; quality infrastructure, a robust manufacturing sector, a modern agricultural sector, a well-funded scientific vision, promotion of new technologies, quality education, and modern healthcare. Economic development is a good for humanity; it is a good in and for itself. The impetus for economic development need not require being provoked by an enemy image. A true reindustrialization of the United States could not be done in isolation. It would demand development for the rest of the world to be successful. The most moral and efficient path to reindustrialization of the United States would be to encourage all nations to emulate the American System while maintaining their complete sovereignty over their national economy. A community of sovereign nations cooperating in the pursuit of economic growth, the elimination of poverty and hunger, would remove the foremost causes for wars among nations. This presents an existential challenge for the leadership of the United States. The controlling ideology of the rules-based order with its dangerous zero-sum mindset is not congruent with Hamiltonian principles; in fact, it is antithetical to them. America would be incapable of achieving Sullivan’s objectives while upholding its ideological conviction that it must reign as the super-hegemon of the world.

*dirigisme: an economic system where the state takes an active and directive role in guiding and shaping the market economy towards national development goals, unlike laissez-faire economics.

1-The Council on Foreign Relations is a 100 year old arm of the Anglo-American establishment. Founded in 1921 as the American branch of the British Royal Institute for International Affairs, otherwise known as Chatham House, which was created two years earlier. Chatham House was created by Lord Alfred Milner, then acting as Secretary of State for the British Empire’s colonies, through a vast trust funded by the estate of race-patriot Cecil Rhodes.

2-Hamilton versus Wall Street: The Core Principles of the American System of Economics , Nancy Bradeen Spannaus, Americansystyemnow.com

3-Alexander Hamilton: Crash Course in Statecraft and the Rise of the American System, Mathew Ehret, matthewehret@substack.com

4- The Vision of Alexander Hamilton: Four Economic Reports by Alexander Hamilton

1-The Council on Foreign Relations is a 100 year old arm of the Anglo-American establishment. Founded in 1921 as the American branch of the British Royal Institute for International Affairs, otherwise known as Chatham House, which was created two years earlier. Chatham House was created by Lord Alfred Milner, then acting as Secretary of State for the British Empire’s colonies, through a vast trust funded by the estate of race-patriot Cecil Rhodes.

2-Hamilton versus Wall Street: The Core Principles of the American System of Economics , Nancy Bradeen Spannaus, Americansystyemnow.com

3-Alexander Hamilton: Crash Course in Statecraft and the Rise of the American System, Mathew Ehret, matthewehret@substack.com

4- The Vision of Alexander Hamilton: Four Economic Reports by Alexander Hamilton

Read:Sullivan: How to Reindustrialize America

Read my earlier articles on this topic:

Can U.S. Compete With China? Washington Establishment Has Serious Qualms

 Tariffs Do Not Create Economic Wealth: Trump Is Wrong!

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for over 35 years. He is a teacher, writer, public speaker, consultant on Africa, and an analyst of global strategic relations. Mr. Freeman strongly believes that economic development is an essential human right. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com, also publishes on: lawrencefreeman.substack.com, “Freeman’s Africa and the World, and on X @lkfreemansafrica

Tariffs Do Not Create Economic Wealth: Trump Is Wrong!

Lawrence , , , , , , ,
President Trump’s so called “Liberation Day” reciprocal tariffs, April 2, 2025.

February 13, 2026

President Trump’s administration has at times associated its economic policy with that of Alexander Hamilton’s American System of Political Economy. Last month, at the Davos World Economic forum, U.S. Trade Representative, Jamieson Greer, presented a fairly accurate history of the application of tariffs from the President George Washington to President Franklin Roosevelt. However, his presentation was disingenuous for what it omitted.

Hamilton’s American System

Most people do not know that Alexander Hamilton’s establishment of the First National Bank was an ingenious invention to reorganize the huge debts of the colonies to fund, supply capital, for a national credit facility. The establishment of this new credit capability was critical to the development and unification of the thirteen bankrupt fledgling colonies. Hamilton, insisting on the creation of a manufacturing sector had to fight against the backwardness of those, who intended for the United States to remain an agrarian based economy. Hamilton knew that for the United States to become an industrialized economy, internal improvements (infrastructure) were essential, which required the issuance of credit backed by the federal government. These were the key pillars, along with tariffs to protect (nurture) indigenous manufacturing, which comprised Hamilton’s American System.

Hamilton’s economic principles are explicated in his four reports (listed below) approved by President George Washington, which transformed our young nation into an economic powerhouse.

  • Provision for the support of Public Credit, January 9th, 1790
  • Provision necessary for the establishment of a Public Credit (Report on a National Bank), December 13th, 1790
  • Opinion on the Constitutionality of the Bank, February 23rd, 1791
  • Report on Manufacturers, December 5th, 1791
Courtesy of sothebys.com

Trump’s Tariff Fraud

U.S. Trade Representative, Jamison Greer, obscured Hamilton’s American System byconspicuouslyrefusing to discuss Hamilton’s bank, and his policy to issue inexpensive credit for manufacturing and infrastructure. He intentionally only discussed tariffs. Tariffs by themselves do not generate new economic wealth nor generate growth in manufacturing. Hamilton and his students/followers, who spread his new American System school of economics to Europe, Russia and China, would have vehemently opposed President Trump’s misuse of tariffs, especially employing tariffs as a political weapon.

No one in the circles of President Trump, including Jamison Greer, will discuss the central feature of Hamilton’s American System, a national bank for issuance of credit to generate economic growth, especially in manufacturing. Greer et al are frauds, who are attempting to cloak their wrongheaded tariffs as Hamiltonian.

While Hamilton’s American System succeeded in building a mighty industrial Republic, President Trump’s tariff policy has been a miserable failure. Those of us, who have studied and understand Hamilton’s principles of economic science, predicted that President Trump’s senseless tariff regime in isolation, would fail.

John Trumbull’s portrait of Alexander Hamilton courtesy of themagazineantiques.com

Trump’s Tariff Failure

A just released report by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, refutes President Trump’s claim that Americans are not paying for his reckless tariff policy. According to the bank, from January to August 2025; U.S. importers paid a whopping 94% of the increased price of imports due to President Trump’s tariff. For the months of September and October it was 92%. Therefore, it should be clear to everyone, that it is American businesses  and citizens, who are absorbing the cost of President Trump’s failed, anti-Hamiltonian tariffs.

According to a new Gallup polling, Americans are more pessimistic about their future. Less than 60%  of Americans surveyed in 2025, the first year of President Trump’s return to office, thought their lives would be better in five years. Those satisfied with their current lives is the second lowest in U.S. history.

The US trade deficit in goods for 2025 is projected to reach $1.26 trillion, an increase from 2024.

Paul Gallagher of EIR magazine exposes more failures of Trump’s tariff policy:

One year later, we can say that that policy has failed. Although tariffs did generate revenues amounting to some $250 billion, a study published on Jan. 19 by the Kiel Institut für Weltwirtschaft, shows that that money did not flow from abroad into the United States

But were the conditions created to allow U.S. manufacturers to replace those imports, which had become more expensive? Were industrial jobs created? Not quite. Manufacturing employment sank for 11 of the 12 months of 2025. Manufacturing activity ended the year at its lowest monthly level: Global demand for U.S. products (new orders) was declining, all the while that global manufacturing production was increasing,

But what has grown is debt: government debt, corporate debt, household debt and banking debt—although the latter is hidden behind “assets.” At this point, 20% of the government budget goes to pay debt service. Corporate debt increased by several billion dollars in one year, while household debt in Q3 2025 was at $18.9 trillion, an increase of $642 billion year-on-year. That amounts to the entire budget of a major industrialized country such as Germany.

Read below my earlier posts on this topic.

Remembering Nancy Spannaus, Historian & Advocate for American System of Economics

Hamilton versus Wall Street: Relevance to Ethiopia & Africa

Nations Must Study Alexander Hamilton’s Principles of Political Economy

Alexander Hamilton’s Credit System Is Necessary for Africa’s Development

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for over 35 years. He is a teacher, writer, public speaker, consultant on Africa, and an analyst of global strategic relations. Mr. Freeman strongly believes that economic development is an essential human right. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com, also publishes on: lawrencefreeman.substack.com, “Freeman’s Africa and the World, and on X @lkfreemansafrica

Remembering Nancy Spannaus, Historian & Advocate for American System of Economics

Lawrence , , , , ,

February 5, 2026

On Saturday, January 31st, 2026, I attended the funeral of a longtime friend and colleague, Nancy Bradeen Spannaus. (See obituary below). The service was filled with hundreds of people who were touched by the life of Nancy. She lived her mortal existence the way all of us should: to do good for the human race. She affected many people from different sectors of society. She left an indelible mark on humanity during her life on earth. In her retirement years, she wrote and published three books, which educated Americans among others, on the better principles that the United States of America was founded on and stood for. She discussed in detail the history of Alexander Hamilton’s American System of Political Economy. She wrote a groundbreaking history of the fight in the United States against slavery, which the vast majority of Americans and non-Americans alike, are completely ignorant of. She also discussed how British subjects, American colonists, became citizens of this Republic after defeating British imperialism.

I knew Nancy for almost fifty-seven years. I first met Nancy and her husband Ed, following my freshman year in college in 1969. She and I had various forms of political collaboration over the succeeding decades. Nancy had a significant impact on my life even though I never discussed it with her until the occasion of her eighty-second birthday in December 2025. Nancy influenced who I am today. She contributed more than anyone else in helping me to become a writer. For that, I will be thankful for the remainder of my life.

Nancy and her husband Ed, Annual Patriots Gala of the Maryland Society, Sons of the American Revolution (Dec 18, 2024)

Over the long period of time that I knew Nancy, I realized she was a person of strong intellect. Her writings on Hamilton and the American System of Political Economy were invaluable to me. Her work in this extended field of American history provided me with an in-depth education and motivated me to read and re-read many of the original works of Alexander Hamilton and his students, among others; Henry Carey, Fredrich List, Peshine Smith, Abraham Lincoln, and Franklin D Roosevelt. However, even though I knew her as a strong political figure, historian, and author, it was not until many years later that I realized the quality of her inner strength. This was amplified in the way she conducted her life in the remaining months after she was diagnosed with a rare and deadly form of cancer.

To help educate my circle of colleagues around the world, I would buy Nancy’s books and gift them to political allies, relatives and friends across the United States, Africa, and China. This practice continues today, in an effort to educate people on the true principles upon which the United States of America was founded. Among some African circles, this stimulated a discussion on how Alexander Hamilton and the American System of Political Economy could affect economic progress in African nations today. I will continue my efforts of distributing Nancy’s books to expand people’s knowledge of the profound history of the United States. Nancy once told me that I was her best customer.

Alexander Hamilton was an economic genius. He created a National Bank by converting outstanding debts from the Revolutionary War into credit. He allowed holders of U.S. debt to use their relatively worthless paper claims, to purchase shares (stock) in this new bank. This created new capital for lending (issuing credit) for investments in farming, manufacturing, and internal improvements (infrastructure). For decades I have advocated for a Hamiltonian approach to address Africa’s huge infrastructure deficits. Years ago, I collaborated with a group of Africans to establish an African Infrastructure Development Bank, modeled on Hamilton’s First Bank of the United States (1791). This approach remains valid for Africa today, especially when there is no competent policy to provide the trillions of dollars of credit required to build vital categories of infrastructure necessary to industrialize the nations of Africa.

Like Nancy, I too am guided by a mission in my life: to make the world better. To improve the quality of the thinking of as many people that I can reach with my limited resources. It has been my particular mission for over thirty-five years to eliminate poverty and hunger in Africa. Introducing Africans to Hamilton’s scientific economic principles has been an important feature of that mission. With Nancy as a model, I hope in my brief mortal existence I can have the same uplifting impact on society that Nancy has exhibited throughout her life.

After all, our mortal existence should mean more than just simply seeking pleasure and satisfying our biological needs. We should all govern our mortal existence by what kind of indelible contributions we have made to the future of civilization after our mortal existence expires. Let the way Nancy Bradeen Spannaus conducted her life be an inspiration and exemplar for all of us to emulate. I consider myself to be very fortunate to have met Nancy during my lifetime.

Nancy Bradeen Spannaus, author and historian 1943-2026

February 4, 2026

Nancy Bradeen Spannaus of Lovettsville, VA,  author and public historian, died on January 16, 2026 at Inova Loudoun Hospital. Nancy had been fighting cancer over a span of eleven years, and was battling a rare and particularly virulent form of the disease for the past two years. 

Nancy had been studying U.S. history, with an emphasis on the country’s economic development in general, and Alexander Hamilton in particular, since the 1970s, and in 1977 she co-authored a book of writings on the Political Economy of the American Revolution.  In 2017, upon retirement from a career in journalism, she established the blog https://americansystemnow.com, which contains more than 600 articles on the history and principles of the American System of Economics. 

In 2019, she published the book Hamilton Versus Wall Street: The Core Principles of the American System of Economics. In 2023 she published Defeating Slavery: Hamilton’s American System Showed the Way. 

In early 2025, with an eye to the upcoming 250th anniversary of the American Revolution, she published a collection of essays from the blog in a volume entitled From Subject to Citizen: What Americans Need to Know about Their Revolution. 

In recent years, she was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution (Ketoctin Chapter), the Alexander Hamilton Awareness Society, the Lincoln Group of D.C., the Loudoun 250 Committee, and the American Friends of Lafayette. 

Nancy spoke on Alexander Hamilton and related topics at many local events, including history groups and the public libraries. She was also a volunteer for the Western Loudoun Food Pantry (acting as its manager in recent years), and the Lovettsville Historical Society. She taught in Lifelong Learning programs, often as an Adjunct Professor, at Shepherd University, Long Island University, Johns Hopkins University, and Frederick Community College.

Nancy was born in Portland, Maine, of parents Donald and Mary Lou Towle Bradeen, in 1943, and spent her younger years in Washington, Pennsylvania and Cincinnati, Ohio. She was a graduate of Bryn Mawr College (B.A., 1965), and Columbia University School of Social Work (M.S., 1967).  As a journalist, she was for many years the editor-in-chief of several national publications affiliated with the Lyndon LaRouche organizations, and she also ran for statewide office in Virginia in the 1990s.

She is survived by her husband of 57 years, Edward; her second son Andrew, a journalist based in Milan, Italy; and grandson Christopher Ziboni Spannaus of Italy. She was predeceased by her first son Michael (1970-1990). She is also survived by four younger brothers and sisters: Robert Bradeen and wife Ellen, of Haughton, Louisiana; Judy Bradeen, of Lebanon, New Hampshire; David Bradeen and husband NJ, of Camden, Maine and Indian Wells, California; and Susan Bradeen Haimes and husband David, of Seneca Falls, New York.

In her own words:

In 2018, Nancy wrote a biographical essay for the DAR, which she adapted just this last November for a website on influential women. Here are a few excerpts, beginning where she was discussing her mother’s side of the family as “decidedly a matriarchy.”

My father represented a clear countervailing, and broadening influence. As a Classics professor and twice a fellow at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, he was a rigorous scholar and very demanding of me, his oldest child. He had an in-depth historical view (“Everything after the 5th Century B.C. was current events,” he said.) He never gave any indication that my gender should interfere with the highest level of intellectual achievement—and pushed me to go to a top woman’s college, Bryn Mawr, in order to get the best education possible. Bryn Mawr had a strong Classics tradition, including school songs in Classical Greek and a de facto patron goddess, Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom (and war). I majored in philosophy . . . .

My own concentration of study on the American Revolution, which began in the mid-1970s, did not focus on the role of women, but on the ideas which the leading Founders, such as Benjamin Franklin and Alexander Hamilton, developed in order to create the new nation. And while these heroes of mine were by no means concentrated on advancing the role of women per se, their political ideas were equally applicable to liberating the minds of men and women.

For as long as I can remember, I always felt an obligation to act to improve society. By the time I finished my formal education, this concept had broadened considerably beyond just working in a local community, to encompassing the world as a whole. When I had my children in the early 1970s, my determination to play that larger role in the world, specifically through politics, became even stronger. I owed it to my children, as well as those of others, to create a world where they could thrive. My husband shared this view . . . .  

I have retired, but will actually never really retire. It is still my obligation to use what knowledge I have acquired to educate, and if possible, inspire, my fellow human beings to improve this world—indeed, to bring it out of crisis. My activities, including starting a blog and joining DAR, have been embarked on with this intent. That is my role as a privileged human being . . . .  

For Nancy, the history of the American Revolution was a living project.  She was passionate about the good the American Revolution had brought to the world, and she was determined to help people understand it so that the visions and ideas of Alexander Hamilton and the American founders could shape our future.  Nancy breathed life into the figures of the past in a way that forges a direction for now, and for the times to come.  To this end, she continued to write and think about more speaking events — right up through the very last weeks of her time on Earth.  

Read below my previous posts on Alexander Hamilton:

Hamilton versus Wall Street: Relevance to Ethiopia & Africa

Nations Must Study Alexander Hamilton’s Principles of Political Economy

Alexander Hamilton’s Credit System Is Necessary for Africa’s Development

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for over 35 years. He is a teacher, writer, public speaker, consultant on Africa, and an analyst of global strategic relations. Mr. Freeman strongly believes that economic development is an essential human right. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com, also publishes on: lawrencefreeman.substack.com, “Freeman’s Africa and the World, and on X @lkfreemansafrica

Rules Based Order in Crisis: Losing Global Domination

Lawrence , , , , , , , ,

On April 24, 2025, I gave a lecture to the Rising Tide Foundation, which one viewer called: a geopolitical masterclass. My presentation ends at minute 42, and is followed by 35 minutes of discussion.

May 3, 2025

The world has irreversibly changed. The Anglo-American Establishment, also known as the rules-based international order, which has ruled the world since the end of World War II with brief exceptions, is in its most severe crisis in four score years. The multi-national world of the Global South, led by China and the expanded BRICS, represent a new dynamic. As you can hear from my lecture and read in my two recent articles below, the West is aware of its failings, noting that China is far ahead of the United States in vital categories physical economy. To challenge China’s economic superiority, the U.S. establishment would have to abandon their predatory financial system and revive the centuries’ old American System of Political Economy. Do the American elites and Presidency even understand the American System, and are they willing to reform their monetarist predatory system? Is President Trump capable of steering such a new direction for the U.S.? Their existential challenge is; can they survive and continue to exert global domination without resorting to war?

Read my earlier posts below:

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for 35 years. He is a teacher, writer, public speaker, consultant on Africa, and an analyst of global strategic relations. Mr. Freeman strongly believes that economic development is an essential human right. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com, also publishes on: lawrencefreeman.substack.com, “Freeman’s Africa and the World, and on X @lkfreemansafrica

U.S. Elections Approach: America is Better Than This Spectacle

Lawrence , , , , , ,
Candidates sound off on hot button issue but have no ideas. (courtesy of palmbeachpost.com)

October 22, 2024

Simply stated, this November’s election in the United States are a disaster. Detrimental to the existence of America and dangerous to the world. Both of the leading candidates for President are imbued with the diseased “rules based order-zero sum” ideology. Neither of them is qualified to lead America, much less articulate a vision to fashion a better world. This is not an exaggeration to the slightest degree.

In this grave time of multiple crises, the United States is bereft of a capable leader, who possess the intellectual acuity to navigate our nation and the world safely through these stormy waters. Sadly, candidates of both parties can at best repeat their talking points, which must include the hot button phrases to evoke mindless applause.

I have been involved in American politics, in one form of another, for over half a century, and have painfully witnessed the moral and intellectual decline of America. Recently, I re-read the speeches of President John Kennedy, our last American statesman, delivered before, during, and after the Cuban Missile Crisis. There is no comparison to the pathetic utterings of our lilliputian nominees today.

This is not what the United States was created to be and not what we  are as Americans.

This leads to the substantive conceptual intent of this essay: re-discovering the principles upon which the United Staes of America was established. This is no easy task. I sympathize with the difficulties my African friends have in understanding the core of what America actually is. Unlike myself, my fellow Americans have made little effort to study the real history of America. To help us learn the truth of the unique American story, I recommend reading, Who We Are: America’s Fight for Universal Progress, from Franklin to Kennedy.* The author, Anton Chaitkin, an historian who I have known for decades, goes beyond the popular narrative of the U.S., in digging deeper to discover the underlying beliefs that created and guided our republic.

How the U.S. became an industrial economic power is unknown even to the overwhelming majority of Americans, many of whom out of ignorance, would rather attack the U.S. with silly myths. Yes, the U.S. is not perfect, but what we are today is quite different from what we were and created to be. Our revolution and emergence as an industrial republic changed the world. Chaitkin, in this book  unearths the secrets of how this was accomplished, and who were the principal leaders.

The U.S. did not achieve its economic power as a result of slavery, greedy capitalist, or free trade, as it has now become popular to repeat. Rather, it was achieved by extraordinary entrepreneurs, industrialists, engineers, scientists, economists, inventors, and brilliant military and political leaders. Chaitkin insists that the U.S. was designed, by exceptional individuals, who were committed to the concept of improvement and progress, not selfishness. This incredible story is disclosed in rich detail in Who We Are.

Who We Really Are

The American Revolution, the defeat of the British Imperial oligarchy, was for something more than simply freedom. Freedom to do what? Chaikin supplies the answer:

The American Revolution carried with it the promise of something beyond civil liberties and self-government. There now existed a new productive power that a free people could use to raise their own living standards.

Adam Smith’s free-trade dogma, and his Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, was an attack on the aspirations of the colonies. Smith, sponsored by the City of London, and the British East India Company, was deployed to counter the intent of the colonies to establish a manufacturing sector. British Imperialism required the colonies be preserved as exclusive exporters of agricultural products. The British oligarchy outlawed the “production of even one horseshoe nail.” Chaitkin writes: The 1750 Iron Act forbade Americans to build any steel making furnace, or any factory or machine for slitting, rolling, or hammering of iron…

They feared the colonists would build an independent capability for the production of goods, undermining England’s colonial policy of dumping cheap products on the colonies.

Chaitkin’s primary thesis is:

Over the course of the long American Revolutionary War with Britain, a small group of nationalists associated with [Benjamin]Franklin in Philadelphia, and with General Washington in the field, came to form the core of a ‘national party,’ with its particular political economic tradition, that persisted well beyond the Revolution. It may be said to have brought about the modern world, by industrializing the United States, and fighting for the industrialization of other countries, over the determined opposition of the rulers of the British Empire.

Alexander Hamilton, the young genius, who served as General Washington’s aide de camp during the war, led the political battle for the creation of a national government from thirteen bankrupt colonies. It was Hamilton’s design of a national bank to issue credit for development, and his sound policy to pay off their huge debt from the war, which saved the colonies from collapse after their successful revolution. His insistence on a strong central government, creation of a manufacturing sector, and use of tariffs to build nascent industry, became the foundation of what was later named, the American System of Political Economy. It is no exaggeration to assert, that what  became the United States, was built by Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin. And that the export and application of these ideas in the nineteenth and twentieth century transformed the rest of the world.

For a thorough treatment of Alexander Hamilton and his thinking, I suggest you read historian Nancy Spannaus’ book  Hamilton Versus Wall Street: The Core Principles Of the American System of Economics. Nations Must Study Alexander Hamilton’s Principles of Political Economy

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (courtesy of americanjourneys.com)

What We Built

Chaitkin writes on Hamilton’s American System:

The American mission of progress, embodied in Hamilton’s proposals, and the fight over implementing that program, form the essential core of world history ever since. All later economic progress has preceded from that revolutionary policy outlook. The fundamental contest of the two sides, progressive nationalism versus finance-based imperial interest, has continued up to the present.

Hamilton, Franklin, their followers and many states opposed slavery as immoral, and economically regressive practice that would retard progress. They believed that the full implementation of Hamilton’s design for a manufacturing driven economy would end the plantation economy with its slave labor conditions and destruction of the soil.** Everyone Should Know The Truth About Slavery in America

Not accidentally, beginning in the early nineteenth century, the industrial economy of the U.S. entered a new phase of physical economic growth, becoming the engine of the world. This exciting development is depicted in Liftoff (chapter 9).

The cooperating nationalists who together attained national power in 1824-1825 went on to solve fundamental problems that had kept the USA backward and weak. They would develop the first canals and railroads, connecting regions separated by natural geography. They would create the American coal industry and America’s modern iron industry, making the essential components of advanced production. They would bring to life new globally-important centers of skilled work and engineering genius…

Pennsylvania would become the center of America’s great industries, and the world headquarters for nationalist economies.

This effort was led by such luminaries as John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, James Monroe, Matthew Carey, Nicholas Biddle, Friedrich List,  and other leaders of the American system.

“Erie Canal dramatically reduced the cost of moving people and goods between the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes.” (Courtesy of ppaccone.medium.com)

The accomplishments included:

  • Anthracite coal production increased from 400 tons in 1820, to 3.5 million tons in 1847.
  • Iron production increased from about 20,000 tons in 1820, to 800,000 tons in 1847.
  • The 363-miles-long Erie Canal was completed in 1825, and 15 years later over 3,000 miles of canal have been built.
  • There were  three miles of railway in operation in 1826 and nearly 6,000 in 1847.

The growth in physical economy in the first half of the nineteenth century was spectacular. It transformed the U.S. and gave the world a new, non-imperialist model of development, which was successfully disseminated to Europe, and Asia. President Lincoln was to continue this progress, despite the Civil War, with initiation of the first ever continental railroad.

Conclusion

Since the death of President John Kennedy, America has lost any semblance of its commitment to scientific industrial progress. U.S. has also lost its enthusiasm to uplift other nations achieve physical economic growth. Using the principles of  Hamilton’s American System of Political Economy, discussed above, we could have assisted African nations in already having eliminated poverty. Our failed political leadership, supported by a largely uneducated citizenry, has also irrationally opposed China’s progress in eliminating poverty.

Thus, we have brought ourselves to this crisis point. Americans will be faced with a tragically sad quandary of not having a candidate who truly represents the profound principles upon which the U.S. was established. How we got to this point is another conversation, that I addressed in an earlier article: Why Is US-Africa Policy So Bad? Decline of American Culture!

The purpose of this commentary today is to demonstrate to you, by reviewing  Anton Chaitkin’s new book, Who We Are, that America was once a better nation, with qualified leaders. Now, our challenge is to find our way back to being those kinds of Americans.

*Volume I: 1750s to 1850s. published 2020, paperback-435 pages. Who-We-Are

** Nancy B Spannaus, Defeating Slavery: Hamilton’s American System Showed the Way. Published 2023, paperback-383 pages.

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for 35 years. He is a teacher, writer, public speaker, and consultant on Africa. Mr. Freeman strongly believes that economic development is an essential human right. He is the creator of the blog:  lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com, and also publishing on: lawrencefreeman.substack.com, “Freeman’s Africa and the World.”

“To terminate the African slave trade, we need to raise the value of man in Africa.” American System Economist, Henry Carey

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A worker checks readings on an energy management system, South Africa. Photo credit: National Cleaner Production Centre South Africa (Courtesy of un.org)

February 24, 2023

I am publishing below, “Industrialization is the Antithesis of Slavery” a new article by my colleague, Nancy Spannaus, creator of the blog, americansystemnow.com, because of the importance of this topic. Unfortunately, many Americans and non-Americans alike, foolishly repeat the silly and false notion that the success of the United States in becoming a great industrial power laid on the foundation of slavery. Nothing could be further from the truth. The U.S. achievement in becoming an economic power was despite, and in opposition to slavery. A progressing economy requires trained, skilled, and educated workers to operate the tasks required by productive manufacturing industries. Slave labor, exploiting the animal-muscle power of human beings only works in labor intensive occupations performed for example, in sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations. Spannaus uses the writings of American System Economist, Henry Carey, a follower of Alexander Hamilton and advisor to President Lincoln, to elucidate the issue.

Slavery kept southern sections of the United States in backward economic conditions, that are still evident today. Slavery also contributed to a racist notion that “blacks” are inferior, affecting the U.S., such that we are still struggling with forms of racism centuries later.

To free all men and women, in Africa and in the U.S., we must exploit, if you will, the unique powers of the human creative mind. This can only be accomplished in a scientific-technologically advancing industrial economy, where every human being can be engaged in a productive profession and treated with dignity.

Read Spannaus’ article below:

Industrialization is the Antithesis of Slavery

Read my earlier posts:

In Celebration of Black History Month, Let Us All Emulate the Great Frederick Douglas

Frederick Douglass: “Knowledge Unfits a Man to be a Slave”

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for over 30 years. He is a teacher, writer, public speaker, and consultant on Africa. He is also the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com. Mr. Freeman’s stated personal mission is; to eliminate poverty and hunger in Africa by applying the scientific economic principles of Alexander Hamilton

Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln: A Tragedy for the Human Race

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President Abraham Lincoln delivering his Second Inaugural address on March 4, 1865, one month before his death.

April 17, 2022

President Abraham Lincoln, who was assassinated on April 15, 1865, was arguably the greatest U.S. President, but I would also suggest, perhaps the finest American. His tragic death changed the the, world not just the United States. My colleague, Nancy Spannaus, provides a fitting requiem for the fallen President. A Requiem for Abraham Lincoln

His temperament, his intellect, and his commitment to the U.S. Constitution, saved our precious Republic, which was less than eighty years old, and heading towards a Civil War, when he took office in 1861. President Lincoln’s unwavering resolve to defeat the opposing army of the Confederacy, demonstrated his superior military skills and strategic understanding that only the surrender by a defeated South, would the Union be preserved. His tragic death affected the world, not just the United States. If his reconstruction program had been fully implemented in his second term, the U.S. would be dramatically different today.

Much has been written and even taught that President Lincoln was not opposed to slavery, but only freed the slaves to win the Civil War. The remarks by the intellectual titan and fierce anti-slavery leader, Frederick Douglas, following the death of President Lincoln, quoted in Spannaus’ articles eloquently dispute this claim. Douglas was an ally of President Lincoln in the fight to eliminate slavery.

In his eulogy on June 1, 1865, at Cooper Union, NY, Douglas said:

 “But what was A. Lincoln to the colored people or they to him? As compared with the long line of his predecessors, many of whom ere merely the facile and service instruments of the slave power, Abraham Lincoln, while unsurpassed in his devotion, to the welfare of the white race, was also in a sense hitherto without example, emphatically the black man’s President: the first to show any respect for their rights as men.”

The vast majority of Americans are also unaware that President Lincoln adhered to the economic policies of Alexander Hamilton’s American System. Abraham Lincoln in his basic campaign stump speech, advocated for protectionism, a national bank, and internal improvements. As President, he initiated the building of the Transcontinental Railroad across the U.S., connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which became a model of transportation infrastructure for the rest of the world. To fund the U.S. economy during the war he created a new currency-greenbacks, bonds backed by the federal government. Lincoln’s economic advisor was Henry Carey, a student of Hamilton’s economic method.

Abraham Lincoln’s frequently delivered speech on Discoveries and Inventions, reflects his philosophical understanding of human economy, revealed in its opening sentences:  

“All creation is a mine, and every man, a miner.

The whole earth, and all within it, upon it, and round about it, including himself, in his physical, moral, and intellectual nature, and his susceptibilities, are the infinitely various “leads” from which, man, from the first, was to dig out his destiny.

In the beginning, the mine was unopened, and the miner stood naked, and knowledgeless, upon it.

Fishes, birds, beasts, and creeping things are not miners, but feeders and lodgers, merely. Beavers build houses; but they build them in nowise differently, or better now, than they did, five thousand years ago. Ants, and honey-bees, provide food for winter; but just in the same way they did, when Solomon referred the sluggard to them as patterns of prudence.

Man is not the only animal who labors; but he is the only one who improves his workmanship. This improvement, he effects by Discoveries, and Inventions.” (Emphasis added)

Read his entire speech: Abraham Lincoln on Discoveries and Inventions

Let the U.S. again return to the policies of Abraham Lincoln by providing true leadership in the world.

As viewers of my website know, this is my second post in recent days discussing former outstanding U.S. Presidents and their policies. Why has American culture not produced such leaders in the last six decades following the death of John Kennedy? This will be the subject of a future article.

Read my earlier post: Commemorating the Death of Franklin Roosevelt: Last Great American Statesman With A Grand Vision for Africa

A Requiem for Abraham Lincoln

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for over 30 years. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com. Mr. Freeman’s stated personal mission is; to eliminate poverty and hunger in Africa by applying the scientific economic principles of Alexander Hamilton.

In Celebration of Black History Month, Let Us All Emulate the Great Frederick Douglas

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Happy Birthday, Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglas (1818-1895)

February 15, 2021

There is no better way to celebrate Black History Month than to to absorb the ideas of Frederick Douglas. I recommend you read this latest article written my friend, American historian, Nancy Spannaus-see link below: Happy Birthday, Frederick Douglas. I also suggest you read his wonderful autobiography: Life and Times of Frederick Douglas. 

Frederick Douglas believed in the U.S. Constitution and demanded that Americans and their leaders live up to its noble principles. That is something we should all aspire to. Douglas wrote: “Men talk of the Negro problem. There is no Negro problem. The problem is whether the American people have loyalty enough, honor enough, patriotism enough, to live up to their own Constitution.” Frederick Douglas did not advocate tearing down America, but rather, demanded that Americans live up to the principle embodied in the U.S. Constitution.

 

Happy Birthday, Frederick Douglass

 Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for over 30 years. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com

A Hamiltonian Development Policy for Africa Is A Necessity

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In 1791, America’s first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, put forth his grand plan for industrializing the United States. In his “Report on the Subject of Manufacturers,” Hamilton rejected the then common assumption that America could prosper with an agricultural base, instead arguing that the new Republic should concentrate on developing industry. (courtesy of enterpriseai.news)

January 18, 2021

In memory of Dr. Martin Luther King (1929 to1968), a champion for the poor. 

On Sunday, January 10, 2021, the Rising Tides Foundation (risingtidefoundation.net) hosted a class by me entitled: A Hamiltonian Solution for Africa. The first video below is my two hour presentation. The second video is an hour of questions and answers. For those of you who have the time and the desire to learn, I believe you will find these videos beneficial.

Alexander Hamilton, the first U.S. Treasury Secretary under President George Washington, prepared four economic reports establishing the American System of Political Economy in opposition to the Adam Smith-British free trade system. Hamilton understood that the U.S. would not become a sovereign economically independent nation without a robust manufacturing sector. This is true of African nations today, which have the lowest dollar amount of manufacture added value in the world. African nations are subjected to unfavorable terms of trade and weak currencies, because they are compelled to export their natural resources and import capital goods. Hamilton would not allow this to happen to the young U.S. following its independence from Great Britain.

My personal mission is to eliminate poverty and hunger in Africa by educating my African friends on the scientific economic principles of Alexander Hamilton.

 “The intrinsic wealth of a nation is to be measured, not by the abundance of the precious metals, contained in it, but by the quantity of the production of its labor and industry.” Alexander Hamilton, Report on a National Bank, (December 13, 1790)

 

 

 

 Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in economic development policies for Africa for over 30 years. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com

Adviser to Ethiopian PM Abiy, Kenyan Pres Kenyatta, and US Cong Davis, All Understand: Infrastructure Essential for Economic Growth

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Dr Arkebe Oqubay speaking during virtual TIPS 2020 Forum meeting

August 4, 2020

All three articles in this post highlight the essential role of infrastructure in building real economic growth in African nations as well as the United States. We are living in a perilous period of economic breakdown and loss of hundreds of thousands of lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Millions of impoverished people around the world are threatened with hunger, and tens of millions more are being forced into poverty and extreme poverty as a result of this dual crisis. Massive development of infrastructure, including nuclear energy, should be financed through public sector credit and a National Infrastructure Bank as part of a  “New Economic Architecture,” which is urgently required. The economic principles to finance infrastructure and an expanding agro-manufacturing sector was brilliantly put forth by President George Washington’s Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton*. The levels of infrastructure required cannot be done by relying on the so called free-market, but must be accomplished by government intervention. When people are dying and suffering, you do not depend on the “markets.” Nations have the obligation to provide for the general welfare of their citizens.

Without infrastructure and manufacturing, AfCFTA will fall short – senior African policymaker

“An Ethiopian senior minister and special adviser to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has cautioned that, without major infrastructure investment and the development of manufacturing capacity, African countries will not be in a position to take full advantage of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), which is poised to liberalize trading conditions across 55 countries.”
Dr Arkebe Oqubay has been at the center of Ethiopian industrial policy making for over 25 years. He is the founding Chancellor of the Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU), and in 2015 he authored Made in Africa: Industrial Policy in Ethiopia

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Kenya on Course for $5 Billion Nuclear Plant to Power Industry

August 4, 2020, Bloomberg.com
  • Plans to expand nuclear-power capacity fourfold by 2035
  • Kenya expects peak demand to top 22,000 megawatts by 2031

The government looks to expand its nuclear-power capacity fourfold from a planned initial 1,000 megawatts by 2035, the Nuclear Power and Energy Agency said in a report on the National Environment Management Authority’s website. The document is set for public scrutiny before the environmental watchdog can approve it, and pave the way for the project to continue.

President Uhuru Kenyatta wants to ramp up installed generation capacity from 2,712 megawatts as of April to boost manufacturing in East Africa’s largest economy. Kenya expects peak demand to top 22,000 megawatts by 2031, partly due to industrial expansion, a component in Kenyatta’s Big Four Agenda. The other three are improving farming, health care and housing.

The nuclear agency is assessing technologies “to identify the ideal reactor for the country,” it said in the report.

A site in Tana River County, near the Kenyan coast was preferred after studies across three regions, according to the report. The plant will be developed with a concessionaire under a build, operate and transfer model.

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US Congress introduces  H.R. 6422, the bill for a $4 trillion dollar National Infrastructure Bank (NIB) based on Hamiltonian principles

VIDEO: National Infrastructure Bank Can Create 25 Million New Jobs

New Videos Show the Way Out of Crisis

*Alexander Hamilton’s Credit System Is Necessary for Africa’s Development

*Nations Must Study Alexander Hamilton’s Principles of Political Economy

Lawrence Freeman is a Political-Economic Analyst for Africa, who has been involved in the economic development policy of Africa for 30 years. He is the creator of the blog: lawrencefreemanafricaandtheworld.com